Kavanaugh stop

Common card · No. 328359

A Kavanaugh stop is a term used to describe immigration enforcement stops in the United States in which federal agents may briefly detain individuals based on reasonable suspicion that may include a combination of factors such as perceived ethnicity, language, location, and occupation, along with other contextual indicators. The term is associated with Justice Brett Kavanaugh's concurrence in Noem v. Vasquez Perdomo (2025), in which he stated that although apparent ethnicity alone cannot justify a stop, it may be considered as a "relevant factor" among others in determining reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment.

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