Pyruvic acid

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Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH or CH3COCO2H) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate (CH3COCOO− or CH3COCO2−), the conjugate base, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction via acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration). Alternatively, it can ferment to produce lactate in the absence of oxygen.

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