Trial and execution of José Rizal

Common card · No. 365234

Filipino nationalist and author José Rizal was arrested and put on trial in late 1896 by Spanish authorities in Manila in the wake of the Philippine Revolution that started in August that year. Rizal had been exiled at Dapitan in Mindanao since 1892, following the publication of his second novel El filibusterismo (1891), but decided to go to Spain to serve as a doctor for the army in Cuba following the Cuban War of Independence. Following the outbreak of hostilities in Manila in late August, Rizal was notified that he was being implicated with the rebellion while en route to Spain. Upon arriving at Barcelona on October 5, he was temporarily detained before authorities sent him back to Manila to face charges of rebellion and treason. He arrived in Manila on November 3, where he was immediately imprisoned at Fort Santiago awaiting trial. Proceedings started on December 3. Rizal, represented by a Spanish soldier named Luis Taviel de Andrade, was charged with three offenses at a court-martial...

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