Indigenous peoples of Peru

Uncommon card · No. 189063

Indigenous peoples of Peru (Spanish: Pueblos indígenas del Perú), also known as Native Peruvians (Spanish: Peruanos nativos), are a large number of ethnic groups who inhabit territory in present-day Peru. Indigenous cultures developed here for thousands of years before the arrival of the Spanish in 1532. In 2025, 6,783,697 Peruvians identified themselves as Indigenous peoples and formed about 20.7% of the total population of Peru. At the time of the Spanish arrival, the Indigenous peoples of the rain forest of the Amazon basin to the east of the Andes were mostly semi-nomadic tribes; they subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering and slash and burn agriculture. Those peoples living in the Andes and to the west were dominated by the Inca Empire, who had a complex, hierarchical civilization. It developed many cities, building major temples and monuments with techniques of highly skilled stone-masonry. Many of the estimated 2000 nations and tribes present in 1500 died out as a consequence...

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