Disaccharide

Common card · No. 240829

A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is a sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. It is therefore a dimer, with a polymerization degree of 2, even if the two component sugars are not the same type. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars and generally soluble in water. Common examples include sucrose (glucose–fructose), lactose (galactose–glucose), and maltose (glucose–glucose). In living organisms, disaccharides are widely used for structural and energy storage, and may be further polymerized by glycosyltransferases to create polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units, such as glycosaminoglycans or amylose. Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides). The most common types of disaccharides—sucrose, lactose, and maltose—have 12 carbon atoms, with the general formula C12H22O11. The differences in these disaccharides are due to...

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