Peshmerga

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The Peshmerga (Kurdish: پێشمەرگه, romanized: Pêşmerge, lit. ''Those Who Face Death'') are the internal security forces of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq, federal regions (such as the Kurdistan Region) are responsible for "the establishment and organization of the internal security forces for the respective regions, such as police, security forces, and regional guards." The history of Kurdish armed forces dates back to antiquity, with Kurdish military forces becoming more organized between the 16th and 19th centuries, when they served Kurdish tribal leaders and principalities, as well as the Ottoman and Safavid states as auxiliary and border forces. During the 20th century, these forces developed into increasingly organized guerrilla movements associated with Kurdish nationalist movements. The modern Peshmerga emerged in 1946 as the self-declared national army of the Republic of Mahabad. In the late 20th and beginning of the 21st century, the Peshmerga...

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