History of the Jews in the Czech lands

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The history of the Jews in the Czech lands, historically the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, including the modern Czech Republic (i.e. Bohemia, Moravia, and the southeast or Czech Silesia), goes back at least 1,100 years. There is evidence that Jews have lived in Moravia and Bohemia since as early as the 10th century. Jewish communities flourished here specifically in the 13th, 16th, 17th centuries, and again in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Local Jews were mostly murdered in the Holocaust, or exiled at various points. As of 2021, there were only about 3,000 Jews officially registered in the Czech Republic, albeit the actual number is probably as much as ten times higher. Jewish people constituted a minority group in the Czech lands. Their population fluctuated depending on the beliefs of the monarch. During the reigns of Přemysl Otakar II and Rudolf II, they were able to prosper, but also experienced exile under Maria Theresa and pogroms under Charles IV. The Jewish population improved...

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