Almohad Caliphate

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The Almohad Caliphate or Almohad Empire was a North African Muslim empire ruled by a Berber dynasty from 1130 to 1269 (AH 524–667), which at its height controlled much of the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (al-Andalus). The Spanish name "Almohads" derives from the Arabic al-Muwaḥḥidūn, "those who espouse Oneness", reflecting the dynasty's emphasis on divine unity and its protest against what it regarded as the lax character of prevailing Islam, particularly under the Almoravids. The Almohad movement originated among the Masmuda Berbers under Ibn Tumart, who supplied its religious and ideological inspiration and was recognized by his followers as the Mahdi around 1121. He subsequently established a base at Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains. After Ibn Tumart's death, his successor Abd al-Mu'min (r. 1130–1163) founded the Almohad caliphate and its ruling Mu'minid dynasty and transformed the movement into a major territorial power. Under Abd al-Mu'min, the Almohads overthrew the Almoravids,...

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